Understanding the menstrual cycle
This guide describes menstruation, the follicular phase, ovulation, and the luteal phase. Menstruation is part of the follicular phase; the calculator displays it separately.
The 4 phases of your menstrual cycle
Menstruation
What's happening: Your period starts a new cycle as the uterus sheds its lining. Bleeding often lasts a few days; the length and symptoms vary.
Follicular phase
What's happening: The follicular phase begins on the first day of your period and ends at ovulation. Estrogen rises as an egg matures.
Ovulation
What's happening: Ovulation is the release of an egg from an ovary. Its timing can change from cycle to cycle, even when your periods are regular.
Luteal phase
What's happening: After releasing an egg, the follicle transforms into something called the corpus luteum, which produces progesterone to support a potential pregnancy.
- Reed BG, Carr BR. The Normal Menstrual Cycle and the Control of Ovulation. Endotext. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK279054/
- NICHD. Menstruation and Menstrual Problems. https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/factsheets/menstruation